make解析

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服务容器对对象的自动解析是服务容器的核心功能,make 函数、build 函数是实例化对象重要的核心,先大致看一下代码:

public function make($abstract)
{
    $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);

    if (isset($this->deferredServices[$abstract])) {
        $this->loadDeferredProvider($abstract);
    }

    return parent::make($abstract);
}
    public function make($abstract)
    {
        return $this->resolve($abstract);
    }
    
    public function resolve($abstract, $parameters = [])
    {
        $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
        
        $needsContextualBuild = ! empty($parameters) || ! is_null(
            $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract)
        );

        // If an instance of the type is currently being managed as a singleton we'll
        // just return an existing instance instead of instantiating new instances
        // so the developer can keep using the same objects instance every time.
        if (isset($this->instances[$abstract]) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
            return $this->instances[$abstract];
        }

        $concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract);

        // We're ready to instantiate an instance of the concrete type registered for
        // the binding. This will instantiate the types, as well as resolve any of
        // its "nested" dependencies recursively until all have gotten resolved.
        if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) {
            $object = $this->build($concrete);
        } else {
            $object = $this->make($concrete);
        }

        // If we defined any extenders for this type, we'll need to spin through them
        // and apply them to the object being built. This allows for the extension
        // of services, such as changing configuration or decorating the object.
        foreach ($this->getExtenders($abstract) as $extender) {
            $object = $extender($object, $this);
        }

        // If the requested type is registered as a singleton we'll want to cache off
        // the instances in "memory" so we can return it later without creating an
        // entirely new instance of an object on each subsequent request for it.
        if ($this->isShared($abstract) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
            $this->instances[$abstract] = $object;
        }

        $this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);

        $this->resolved[$abstract] = true;

        return $object;
    }

在讲解解析流程之前,我们先说说使用make函数进行解析的分类:

这里我把使用make函数进行解析的情况分为大致两种:

  • 解析对象没有绑定过任何类,例如:
$app->make('App\Http\Controllers\HomeController');
  • 解析对象绑定过实现类

对于绑定过实现类的对象可以分为两种:

  • 绑定的是类名,例如:
$app->when('App\Http\Controllers\HomeController')
->needs('App\Http\Requests\InRequest')
->give('App\Http\Requests\TestsRequest');
  • 绑定的是闭包

对于绑定的是闭包的又可以分为:

  • 用户绑定闭包,例如:
$app->singleton('auth',function($app){
    return new AuthManager($app)
});//对象类直接实现方法

$app->singleton(EloquentFactory::class, function ($app) {
    return EloquentFactory::construct(
        $app->make(FakerGenerator::class), database_path('factories')
);//对象类依赖注入
});
  • 服务容器外包一层闭包函数(make/build),例如:
$app->singleton(
    Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
    App\Http\Kernel::class
);//包装make

$app->singleton(
    App\ConSole\Kernel::class,
);//包装build

我们在这里先大致讲一下服务容器解析的流程,值得注意的是其中 build 函数有可能会递归调用 make:

  1. 获取服务名称。
  2. 加载延迟服务。判断当前的接口是否是延迟服务提供者,若是延迟服务提供者,那么还要对服务提供者进行注册与启动操作。
  3. 解析单例。如果接口服务是已经被解析过的单例对象,而且并非上下文绑定,那么直接取出对象。
  4. 获取注册的实现。实现方式可能是上下文绑定的,也可能是 binding 数组中的闭包,也有可能就是接口本身。
  5. build 解析。首先判断是否需要递归。是,则递归 make;否,则调用 build 函数;直到调用 build 为止
  6. 执行扩展。若当前解析对象存在扩展,运行扩展函数。
  7. 创造单例对象。若 shared 为真,且不存在上下文绑定,则放入单例数组中
  8. 回调
  9. 标志解析

下面我们开始详细分解代码逻辑。由于 getAlias 函数已经在 上一篇 讲过,这里不会再说。而loadDeferredProvider 函数作用是加载延迟服务,与容器解析关系不大,我们放在以后再说。

获取注册的实现

获取解析类的真正实现,函数优先去获取上下文绑定的实现,否则获取 binding 数组中的实现,获取不到就是直接返回自己作为实现:

protected function getConcrete($abstract)
{
    if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract))) {
        return $concrete;
    }

    if (isset($this->bindings[$abstract])) {
        return $this->bindings[$abstract]['concrete'];
    }

    return $abstract;
}

一般来说,上下文绑定的服务是通过依赖注入来实现的:

$this->app->when(PhotoController::class)
          ->needs(Filesystem::class)
          ->give(function () {
              return Storage::disk('local');
          });
       
class PhotoController{
    protected $file;

    public function __construct(Filesystem $file){
      $this->file = $file;
    }
}

服务容器会在解析 PhotoController 的时候,通过放射获取参数类型 Filesystem,并且会把 Filesystem 自动解析为 Storage::disk('local')。如何实现的呢?首先,从 上一篇 文章我们知道,当进行上下文绑定的时候,实际上是维护 contextual 数组,通过上下文绑定,这个数组中存在:

contextual[PhotoController][Filesystem] = function () { return Storage::disk('local'); }

若是服务容器试图构造 PhotoController 类,那么由于其构造函数依赖于 Filesystem,所以容器必须先生成 Filesystem 类,然后再注入到 PhotoController 中。

在构造 Filesystem 之前,服务容器会先把 PhotoController 放入 buildStack 中,继而再去解析 Filesystem。

解析 Filesystem 时,运行 getContextualConcrete 函数:

protected function getContextualConcrete($abstract)
{
    if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($abstract))) {
        return $binding;
    }
     
    if (empty($this->abstractAliases[$abstract])) {
        return;
    }

    foreach ($this->abstractAliases[$abstract] as $alias) {
        if (! is_null($binding = $this->findInContextualBindings($alias))) {
            return $binding;
        }
    }
}
 
protected function findInContextualBindings($abstract)
{
    if (isset($this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract])) {
        return $this->contextual[end($this->buildStack)][$abstract];
    }
}

从上面可以看出,getContextualConcrete 函数把当前解析的类(Filesystem)作为 abstract,buildStack 最后一个类(PhotoController)作为 concrete,寻找 this->contextual[concrete] [abstract] (contextual[PhotoController] [Filesystem])中的值,在这个例子里面这个数组值就是那个匿名函数。

build 解析

对于服务容器来说,绑定是可以递归的,例如:

$app->bind('a','b');
$app->bind('b','c');
$app->bind('c',function(){
    return new C;
  })

遇到这样的情况,bind 绑定中 getClosure 函数开始发挥作用,该函数会给类包一层闭包,闭包内调用 make 函数,服务容器会不断递归调用 make 函数,直到最后一层,也就是绑定 c 的匿名函数。但是另一方面,有一些绑定方式并没有调用 bind 函数,例如上下文绑定 context:

$this->app->when(E::class)
          ->needs(F::class)
          ->give(A::class);

当make(E::class)的时候,getConcrete 返回 A 类,而不是调用 make 函数的闭包,所以并不会启动递归流程得到 C 的匿名函数,所以造成 A 类完全无法解析,isBuildable 函数就是解决这种问题的,当发现需要解析构造的对象很有可能是递归的,那么就递归调用 make 函数,否则才会调用build。

...
if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) {
        $object = $this->build($concrete);
    } else {
        $object = $this->make($concrete);
    }
...
     
protected function isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)
{
    return $concrete === $abstract || $concrete instanceof Closure;
}

执行扩展

获取扩展闭包,并运行扩展函数:

protected function getExtenders($abstract)
{
    $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);

    if (isset($this->extenders[$abstract])) {
        return $this->extenders[$abstract];
    }

    return [];
}

回调

先后启动全局的解析事件回调函数,再启动针对类型的事件回调函数:

protected function fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object)
{
    $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalResolvingCallbacks);

    $this->fireCallbackArray(
        $object, $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->resolvingCallbacks)
    );

    $this->fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);
}

protected function getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, array $callbacksPerType)
{
    $results = [];

    foreach ($callbacksPerType as $type => $callbacks) {
        if ($type === $abstract || $object instanceof $type) {
            $results = array_merge($results, $callbacks);
        }
    }

    return $results;
}
 
protected function fireAfterResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object)
{
    $this->fireCallbackArray($object, $this->globalAfterResolvingCallbacks);

    $this->fireCallbackArray(
        $object, $this->getCallbacksForType($abstract, $object, $this->afterResolvingCallbacks)
    );
 

build 解析


make 函数承担了解析的大致框架,build 主要的职责就是利用反射将类构造出来,先看看主要代码:

public function build($concrete)
{
    // If the concrete type is actually a Closure, we will just execute it and
    // hand back the results of the functions, which allows functions to be
    // used as resolvers for more fine-tuned resolution of these objects.
    if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
         return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride());
    }

    $reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);

    // If the type is not instantiable, the developer is attempting to resolve
    // an abstract type such as an Interface of Abstract Class and there is
    // no binding registered for the abstractions so we need to bail out.
    if (! $reflector->isInstantiable()) {
        return $this->notInstantiable($concrete);
    }

    $this->buildStack[] = $concrete;

    $constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();

    // If there are no constructors, that means there are no dependencies then
    // we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without
    // resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers.
    if (is_null($constructor)) {
        array_pop($this->buildStack);

        return new $concrete;
    }

    $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();

    // Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the
    // dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a
    // new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in.
    $instances = $this->resolveDependencies(
        $dependencies
    );

    array_pop($this->buildStack);

    return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
}

我们下面详细的说一下各个部分:

闭包函数执行

if ($concrete instanceof Closure) {
     return $concrete($this, $this->getLastParameterOverride());
}

这段代码很简单,但是作用很大。前面说过闭包函数有很多种类:

  • 用户绑定时提供的直接提供实现类的方式:
$app->singleton('auth',function($app){
    return new AuthManager($app)
});//对象类直接实现方法

这种情况 concrete(this) 直接就可以解析构造出具体实现类,服务容器解析完毕。

  • 用户绑定时提供的带有依赖注入的实现:
$app->singleton(EloquentFactory::class, function ($app) {
    return EloquentFactory::construct(
        $app->make(FakerGenerator::class), database_path('factories')
);//对象类依赖注入

这种情况下,concrete(this) 会转而去解析 FakerGenerator::class,递归调用 make 函数。

  • bind函数使用 getClosure 包装而来:
function($container, $parameters = []){
    method = make/build;
    return $container->$method($concrete, $parameters);
}

这种情况,concrete(this) 将会继续递归调用 make 或者 build。

反射

当 build 的参数是类名而不是闭包的时候,就要利用反射构建类对象,如果构建的类对象不需要依赖任何其他参数,那么:

$reflector = new ReflectionClass($concrete);
$constructor = $reflector->getConstructor();
if (is_null($constructor)) {
    return new $concrete;
}

如果需要依赖注入,那么就要用反射机制来获取 __construct 函数所需要注入的依赖,如果在make的时候带入参数值,那么直接利用传入的参数值;如果依赖是类对像,那么递归调用 make 函数;如果依赖是变量值,那么就从上下文中或者参数默认值中去获取:

...
$dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();
$instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies);
...
     
protected function resolveDependencies(array $dependencies)
{
    $results = [];

    foreach ($dependencies as $dependency) {
      
      if ($this->hasParameterOverride($dependency)) {
          $results[] = $this->getParameterOverride($dependency);
               
          continue;
      }
      
      $results[] = is_null($class = $dependency->getClass())
                            ? $this->resolvePrimitive($dependency)
                            : $this->resolveClass($dependency);
      }

    return $results;
}

解析变量值参数,如果变量值在上下文绑定中设置过,则去取上下文绑定的值,否则通过反射去取参数默认值,如果没有默认值,那么就要终止报错:

protected function resolvePrimitive(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
{
      if (! is_null($concrete = $this->getContextualConcrete('$'.$parameter->name))) {
          return $concrete instanceof Closure ? $concrete($this) : $concrete;
      }

      if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
          return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
      }

      $this->unresolvablePrimitive($parameter);
}

protected function hasParameterOverride($dependency)
{
    return array_key_exists(
        $dependency->name, $this->getLastParameterOverride()
    );
}

protected function getParameterOverride($dependency)
{
    return $this->getLastParameterOverride()[$dependency->name];
}

protected function getLastParameterOverride()
{
    return count($this->with) ? end($this->with) : [];
}

解析类参数,利用服务容器进行依赖注入:

protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
{
      try {
          return $this->make($parameter->getClass()->name);
      }
      catch (BindingResolutionException $e) {
          if ($parameter->isOptional()) {
              return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
          }

        throw $e;
      }
}

buildstack 解析栈

值的注意的是服务容器里面有个 buildStack,每次利用反射对参数进行依赖注入的时候,都要向这个数组中压入当前的解析对象,前面说过这部分是为了上下文绑定而设计的:

...
$this->buildStack[] = $concrete;//压入数组栈中
...
$instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies);//解析依赖注入的参数
array_pop($this->buildStack);//弹出数组栈
...

解析标签


使用标签绑定的类,将会使用 tagged 来解析:

public function tagged($tag)
{
    $results = [];

    if (isset($this->tags[$tag])) {
        foreach ($this->tags[$tag] as $abstract) {
            $results[] = $this->make($abstract);
        }
    }

    return $results;
}

call方法注入


服务容器中,我们直接使用或者间接的使用 make 来构造服务对象,但是在实际的应用场景中,会有这样的需求:我们拥有一个对象或者闭包函数,想要调用它的一个函数,但是它函数里面却有其他类的参数,这个就需要进行 call 方法注入

public function call($callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
{
    return BoundMethod::call($this, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);
}

上一篇 文章中,我们说过,call 函数中的 callback 参数有以下几种形式:

  • 闭包 Closure
  • class@method
  • 类静态函数,class::method
  • 类静态函数: [ className/classObj, method ];类非静态函数: [ classObj, method ]
  • 若 defaultMethod 不为空,className 虽然调用 call 的形式有 5 种,但是实际最终的形式是三种,第二种和第五种被转化为了第四种。 接下来,我们详细的解析源码:

call

先看一下 call 方法的主体:

public static function call($container, $callback, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
{
    if (static::isCallableWithAtSign($callback) || $defaultMethod) {
        return static::callClass($container, $callback, $parameters, $defaultMethod);
    }

    return static::callBoundMethod($container, $callback, function () use ($container, $callback, $parameters) {
        return call_user_func_array(
            $callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters)
        );
    });
}

可以看出来,call 方法注入主要有 4 个大的步骤:

  1. 对于 className@method 和 className-defaultMethod,实例化 className 为类对象,转化为 [ classObj, method ]。
  2. 判断 [ classObj / classname, method ] 是否存在被绑定的方法,如果有则调用。
  3. 利用服务容器解析依赖的参数。
  4. 调用 call_user_func_array。

实例化类对象

在这里 className@method 和 className-defaultMethod 两种情况被转化为 [ classObj, method ], className会被实例化为类对象,并重新调用 call:

protected static function isCallableWithAtSign($callback)
{
    return is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '@') !== false;
}
    
protected static function callClass($container, $target, array $parameters = [], $defaultMethod = null)
{
    $segments = explode('@', $target);

    $method = count($segments) == 2
                    ? $segments[1] : $defaultMethod;

    if (is_null($method)) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Method not provided.');
    }

    return static::call(
        $container, [$container->make($segments[0]), $method], $parameters
    );
} 

执行绑定方法

针对 [ className/classObj, method ], 调用被绑定的方法:

protected static function callBoundMethod($container, $callback, $default)
{
    if (! is_array($callback)) {
        return value($default);
    }

    $method = static::normalizeMethod($callback);

    if ($container->hasMethodBinding($method)) {
        return $container->callMethodBinding($method, $callback[0]);
    }

    return value($default);
}

protected static function normalizeMethod($callback)
{
    $class = is_string($callback[0]) ? $callback[0] : get_class($callback[0]);

    return "{$class}@{$callback[1]}";
}
    
public function hasMethodBinding($method)
{
    return isset($this->methodBindings[$method]);
}        

public function callMethodBinding($method, $instance)
{
    return call_user_func($this->methodBindings[$method], $instance, $this);
}

那么这个被绑定的方法 methodBindings 从哪里来呢,就是 上一篇 文章提的 bindMethod:

public function bindMethod($method, $callback)
{
    $this->methodBindings[$method] = $callback;
}

从上面可以看出来,methodBindings 中 callback 参数一定是 classname@method 形式的。

实例化依赖

这一步就要通过反射来获取函数方法需要注入的参数类型,然后利用服务容器对参数类型进行解析构建:

protected static function getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, array $parameters = [])
{
    $dependencies = [];

    foreach (static::getCallReflector($callback)->getParameters() as $parameter) {
        static::addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter, $parameters, $dependencies);
    }

    return array_merge($dependencies, $parameters);
}

getCallReflector 函数利用反射来获取参数类型,值得注意的是class::method是需要拆分处理的:

protected static function getCallReflector($callback)
{
    if (is_string($callback) && strpos($callback, '::') !== false) {
        $callback = explode('::', $callback);
    }

    return is_array($callback)
                    ? new ReflectionMethod($callback[0], $callback[1])
                    : new ReflectionFunction($callback);
}

利用传入的参数,利用服务容器构建解析参数类型,或者获取参数默认值:

protected static function addDependencyForCallParameter($container, $parameter,
                                                            array &$parameters, &$dependencies)
{
    if (array_key_exists($parameter->name, $parameters)) {
        $dependencies[] = $parameters[$parameter->name];

        unset($parameters[$parameter->name]);
    } elseif ($parameter->getClass()) {
        $dependencies[] = $container->make($parameter->getClass()->name);
    } elseif ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
        $dependencies[] = $parameter->getDefaultValue();
    }
}

call_user_func_array

关于这个函数可以参考 Laravel学习笔记之Callback Type

call_user_func_array(
            $callback, static::getMethodDependencies($container, $callback, $parameters)
        );

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