译者:飞龙
我打算使用RingBuffer
来创建一个非常简单的小型网络测试工具,叫做netclient
。为此我需要向Makefile
添加一些工具,来处理bin/
目录下的小程序。
首先,为程序添加一些变量,就像单元测试的TESTS
和TEST_SRC
变量:
PROGRAMS_SRC=$(wildcard bin/*.c)
PROGRAMS=$(patsubst %.c,%,$(PROGRAMS_SRC))
之后你可能想要添加PROGRAMS
到所有目标中:
all: $(TARGET) $(SO_TARGET) tests $(PROGRAMS)
之后在clean
目标中向rm
那一行添加PROGRAMS
:
rm -rf build $(OBJECTS) $(TESTS) $(PROGRAMS)
最后你还需要在最后添加一个目标来构建它们:
$(PROGRAMS): CFLAGS += $(TARGET)
做了这些修改你就能够将.c
文件扔到bin
中,并且编译它们以及为其链接库文件,就像测试那样。
netclient的代码是这样的:
#undef NDEBUG
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <lcthw/ringbuffer.h>
#include <lcthw/dbg.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
struct tagbstring NL = bsStatic("\n");
struct tagbstring CRLF = bsStatic("\r\n");
int nonblock(int fd) {
int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
check(flags >= 0, "Invalid flags on nonblock.");
int rc = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
check(rc == 0, "Can't set nonblocking.");
return 0;
error:
return -1;
}
int client_connect(char *host, char *port)
{
int rc = 0;
struct addrinfo *addr = NULL;
rc = getaddrinfo(host, port, NULL, &addr);
check(rc == 0, "Failed to lookup %s:%s", host, port);
int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
check(sock >= 0, "Cannot create a socket.");
rc = connect(sock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen);
check(rc == 0, "Connect failed.");
rc = nonblock(sock);
check(rc == 0, "Can't set nonblocking.");
freeaddrinfo(addr);
return sock;
error:
freeaddrinfo(addr);
return -1;
}
int read_some(RingBuffer *buffer, int fd, int is_socket)
{
int rc = 0;
if(RingBuffer_available_data(buffer) == 0) {
buffer->start = buffer->end = 0;
}
if(is_socket) {
rc = recv(fd, RingBuffer_starts_at(buffer), RingBuffer_available_space(buffer), 0);
} else {
rc = read(fd, RingBuffer_starts_at(buffer), RingBuffer_available_space(buffer));
}
check(rc >= 0, "Failed to read from fd: %d", fd);
RingBuffer_commit_write(buffer, rc);
return rc;
error:
return -1;
}
int write_some(RingBuffer *buffer, int fd, int is_socket)
{
int rc = 0;
bstring data = RingBuffer_get_all(buffer);
check(data != NULL, "Failed to get from the buffer.");
check(bfindreplace(data, &NL, &CRLF, 0) == BSTR_OK, "Failed to replace NL.");
if(is_socket) {
rc = send(fd, bdata(data), blength(data), 0);
} else {
rc = write(fd, bdata(data), blength(data));
}
check(rc == blength(data), "Failed to write everything to fd: %d.", fd);
bdestroy(data);
return rc;
error:
return -1;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
fd_set allreads;
fd_set readmask;
int socket = 0;
int rc = 0;
RingBuffer *in_rb = RingBuffer_create(1024 * 10);
RingBuffer *sock_rb = RingBuffer_create(1024 * 10);
check(argc == 3, "USAGE: netclient host port");
socket = client_connect(argv[1], argv[2]);
check(socket >= 0, "connect to %s:%s failed.", argv[1], argv[2]);
FD_ZERO(&allreads);
FD_SET(socket, &allreads);
FD_SET(0, &allreads);
while(1) {
readmask = allreads;
rc = select(socket + 1, &readmask, NULL, NULL, NULL);
check(rc >= 0, "select failed.");
if(FD_ISSET(0, &readmask)) {
rc = read_some(in_rb, 0, 0);
check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to read from stdin.");
}
if(FD_ISSET(socket, &readmask)) {
rc = read_some(sock_rb, socket, 0);
check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to read from socket.");
}
while(!RingBuffer_empty(sock_rb)) {
rc = write_some(sock_rb, 1, 0);
check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to write to stdout.");
}
while(!RingBuffer_empty(in_rb)) {
rc = write_some(in_rb, socket, 1);
check_debug(rc != -1, "Failed to write to socket.");
}
}
return 0;
error:
return -1;
}
代码中使用了select
来处理stdin
(文件描述符0)和用于和服务器交互的socket
中的事件。它使用了RingBuffer
来储存和复制数据,并且你可以认为read_some
和write_some
函数都是RingBuffer
中相似函数的原型。
在这一小段代码中,可能有一些你并不知道的网络函数。当你碰到不知道的函数时,在手册页上查询它来确保你理解了它。这一小段代码可能需要让你研究用于小型服务器编程的所有C语言API。
如果你完成了所有构建,测试的最快方式就是看看你能否从learncodethehardway.org上得到一个特殊的文件:
$
$ ./bin/netclient learncodethehardway.org 80
GET /ex45.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: learncodethehardway.org
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Fri, 27 Apr 2012 00:41:25 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 41
Last-Modified: Fri, 27 Apr 2012 00:42:11 GMT
ETag: 4f99eb63-29
Server: Mongrel2/1.7.5
Learn C The Hard Way, Exercise 45 works.
^C
$
这里我所做的事情是键入创建/ex45.txt
的HTTP请求所需的语法,在Host:
请求航之后,按下ENTER键来输入空行。接着我获取相应,包括响应头和内容。最后我按下CTRL-C来退出。
这段代码肯定含有bug,但是当前在本书的草稿中,我会继续完成它。与此同时,尝试分析代码,并且用其它服务器来击溃它。一种叫做netcat
的工具可以用于建立这种服务器。另一种方法就是使用Python
或Ruby
之类的语言创建一个简单的“垃圾服务器”,来产生垃圾数据,随机关闭连接,或者其它异常行为。
如果你找到了bug,在评论中报告它们,我会修复它。
valgrind
下运行它来寻找错误。getopt
函数,运行用户提供选项来防止将\n
转换为\r\n
。这仅仅用于需要处理行尾的协议例如HTTP。有时你可能不想执行转换,所以要给用户一个选择。