編寫:Andrwyw - 原文:http://developer.android.com/training/gestures/viewgroup.html
因為很多時候是用ViewGroup的子類來做不同觸摸事件的目標,而不是ViewGroup本身,所以處理ViewGroup中的觸摸事件需要特別注意。 為了確保每個view能正確地接收到它們想要的觸摸事件,可以重寫onInterceptTouchEvent()函數。
每當在ViewGroup(包括它的子View)的表面上檢測到一個觸摸事件,onInterceptTouchEvent()都會被調用。如果onInterceptTouchEvent()
返回true
,MotionEvent就被截獲了,這表示它不會被傳遞給其子View,而是傳遞給該父view自身的onTouchEvent()方法。
onInterceptTouchEvent()
方法讓父view能夠在它的子view之前處理觸摸事件。如果我們讓onInterceptTouchEvent()
返回true
,則之前處理觸摸事件的子view會收到ACTION_CANCEL事件,並且該點之後的事件會被髮送給該父view自身的onTouchEvent()
函數,進行常規處理。onInterceptTouchEvent()
也可以返回false
,這樣事件沿view層級分發到目標前,父view可以簡單地觀察該事件。這裡的目標是指,通過onTouchEvent()
處理消息事件的view。
接下來的代碼段中,MyViewGroup
繼承自ViewGroup。MyViewGroup
有多個子view。如果我們在某個子View上水平地拖動手指,該子view不會接收到觸摸事件,而是應該由MyViewGroup
處理這些觸摸事件來滾動它的內容。然而,如果我們點擊子view中的button,或垂直地滾動子view,則父view不會截獲這些觸摸事件,因為子view本身就是預定目標。在這些情況下,onInterceptTouchEvent()
應該返回false
,MyViewGroup
的onTouchEvent()
也不會被調用。
public class MyViewGroup extends ViewGroup {
private int mTouchSlop;
...
ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext());
mTouchSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();
...
@Override
public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
/*
* This method JUST determines whether we want to intercept the motion.
* If we return true, onTouchEvent will be called and we do the actual
* scrolling there.
*/
final int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(ev);
// Always handle the case of the touch gesture being complete.
if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
// Release the scroll.
mIsScrolling = false;
return false; // Do not intercept touch event, let the child handle it
}
switch (action) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
if (mIsScrolling) {
// We're currently scrolling, so yes, intercept the
// touch event!
return true;
}
// If the user has dragged her finger horizontally more than
// the touch slop, start the scroll
// left as an exercise for the reader
final int xDiff = calculateDistanceX(ev);
// Touch slop should be calculated using ViewConfiguration
// constants.
if (xDiff > mTouchSlop) {
// Start scrolling!
mIsScrolling = true;
return true;
}
break;
}
...
}
// In general, we don't want to intercept touch events. They should be
// handled by the child view.
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
// Here we actually handle the touch event (e.g. if the action is ACTION_MOVE,
// scroll this container).
// This method will only be called if the touch event was intercepted in
// onInterceptTouchEvent
...
}
}
注意ViewGroup也提供了requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()方法。當子view不想該父view和祖先view通過onInterceptTouchEvent()
截獲它的觸摸事件時,可調用ViewGroup的該方法。
上面的代碼段中使用了當前的ViewConfiguration來初始化mTouchSlop
變量。我們可以使用ViewConfiguration類來獲取Android系統常用的一些距離、速度、時間值。
“Touch slop”是指在被識別為移動的手勢前,用戶觸摸可移動的那一段像素距離。Touch slop通常用來預防用戶在做一些其他觸摸操作時,出現意外地滑動,例如觸摸屏幕上的組件。
另外兩個常用的ViewConfiguration函數是getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity()和getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity()。這兩個函數會返回初始化一個快速滑動(fling)的最小、最大速度(分別地),以像素每秒為測量單位。如:
ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(view.getContext());
private int mSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();
private int mMinFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMinimumFlingVelocity();
private int mMaxFlingVelocity = vc.getScaledMaximumFlingVelocity();
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
...
float deltaX = motionEvent.getRawX() - mDownX;
if (Math.abs(deltaX) > mSlop) {
// A swipe occurred, do something
}
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
...
} if (mMinFlingVelocity <= velocityX && velocityX <= mMaxFlingVelocity
&& velocityY < velocityX) {
// The criteria have been satisfied, do something
}
}
Android提供了TouchDelegate類,讓父view擴展超出子view自身邊界的可觸摸區域。這在當子view很小,但需要一個更大的觸摸區域時非常有用。如果需要,我們也可以使用這種方式來實現對子view的觸摸區域的收縮。
在下面的例子中,ImageButton對象是所謂的"delegate view"(是指觸摸區域將被父view擴展的那個子view)。這是佈局文件:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/parent_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<ImageButton android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@null"
android:src="@drawable/icon" />
</RelativeLayout>
下面的代碼段做了這樣幾件事:
getHitRect()
函數會獲得子view在父view座標系中的點擊矩形(觸摸區域)。getHitRect()
來獲得它的觸摸區域的邊界。在ImageButton子view的touch delegate範圍內,父view會接收到所有的觸摸事件。如果觸摸事件發生在子view自身的點擊矩形中,父view會把觸摸事件交給子view處理。
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Get the parent view
View parentView = findViewById(R.id.parent_layout);
parentView.post(new Runnable() {
// Post in the parent's message queue to make sure the parent
// lays out its children before you call getHitRect()
@Override
public void run() {
// The bounds for the delegate view (an ImageButton
// in this example)
Rect delegateArea = new Rect();
ImageButton myButton = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.button);
myButton.setEnabled(true);
myButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"Touch occurred within ImageButton touch region.",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
// The hit rectangle for the ImageButton
myButton.getHitRect(delegateArea);
// Extend the touch area of the ImageButton beyond its bounds
// on the right and bottom.
delegateArea.right += 100;
delegateArea.bottom += 100;
// Instantiate a TouchDelegate.
// "delegateArea" is the bounds in local coordinates of
// the containing view to be mapped to the delegate view.
// "myButton" is the child view that should receive motion
// events.
TouchDelegate touchDelegate = new TouchDelegate(delegateArea,
myButton);
// Sets the TouchDelegate on the parent view, such that touches
// within the touch delegate bounds are routed to the child.
if (View.class.isInstance(myButton.getParent())) {
((View) myButton.getParent()).setTouchDelegate(touchDelegate);
}
}
});
}
}